HTTP路由組件負(fù)責(zé)將HTTP請(qǐng)求交到對(duì)應(yīng)的函數(shù)處理(或者是一個(gè)struct的方法),如前面小節(jié)所描述的結(jié)構(gòu)圖,路由在框架中相當(dāng)于一個(gè)事件處理器,而這個(gè)事件包括:
路由器就是根據(jù)用戶請(qǐng)求的事件信息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到相應(yīng)的處理函數(shù)(控制層)。
在3.4小節(jié)有過介紹Go的http包的詳解,里面介紹了Go的http包如何設(shè)計(jì)和實(shí)現(xiàn)路由,這里繼續(xù)以一個(gè)例子來說明:
func fooHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %q", html.EscapeString(r.URL.Path))
}
http.HandleFunc("/foo", fooHandler)
http.HandleFunc("/bar", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %q", html.EscapeString(r.URL.Path))
})
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
上面的例子調(diào)用了http默認(rèn)的DefaultServeMux來添加路由,需要提供兩個(gè)參數(shù),第一個(gè)參數(shù)是希望用戶訪問此資源的URL路徑(保存在r.URL.Path),第二參數(shù)是即將要執(zhí)行的函數(shù),以提供用戶訪問的資源。路由的思路主要集中在兩點(diǎn):
Go默認(rèn)的路由添加是通過函數(shù)http.Handle
和http.HandleFunc
等來添加,底層都是調(diào)用了DefaultServeMux.Handle(pattern string, handler Handler)
,這個(gè)函數(shù)會(huì)把路由信息存儲(chǔ)在一個(gè)map信息中map[string]muxEntry
,這就解決了上面說的第一點(diǎn)。
Go監(jiān)聽端口,然后接收到tcp連接會(huì)扔給Handler來處理,上面的例子默認(rèn)nil即為http.DefaultServeMux
,通過DefaultServeMux.ServeHTTP
函數(shù)來進(jìn)行調(diào)度,遍歷之前存儲(chǔ)的map路由信息,和用戶訪問的URL進(jìn)行匹配,以查詢對(duì)應(yīng)注冊(cè)的處理函數(shù),這樣就實(shí)現(xiàn)了上面所說的第二點(diǎn)。
for k, v := range mux.m {
if !pathMatch(k, path) {
continue
}
if h == nil || len(k) > n {
n = len(k)
h = v.h
}
}
目前幾乎所有的Web應(yīng)用路由實(shí)現(xiàn)都是基于http默認(rèn)的路由器,但是Go自帶的路由器有幾個(gè)限制:
beego框架的路由器基于上面的幾點(diǎn)限制考慮設(shè)計(jì)了一種REST方式的路由實(shí)現(xiàn),路由設(shè)計(jì)也是基于上面Go默認(rèn)設(shè)計(jì)的兩點(diǎn)來考慮:存儲(chǔ)路由和轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)路由
針對(duì)前面所說的限制點(diǎn),我們首先要解決參數(shù)支持就需要用到正則,第二和第三點(diǎn)我們通過一種變通的方法來解決,REST的方法對(duì)應(yīng)到struct的方法中去,然后路由到struct而不是函數(shù),這樣在轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)路由的時(shí)候就可以根據(jù)method來執(zhí)行不同的方法。
根據(jù)上面的思路,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了兩個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)類型controllerInfo(保存路徑和對(duì)應(yīng)的struct,這里是一個(gè)reflect.Type類型)和ControllerRegistor(routers是一個(gè)slice用來保存用戶添加的路由信息,以及beego框架的應(yīng)用信息)
type controllerInfo struct {
regex *regexp.Regexp
params map[int]string
controllerType reflect.Type
}
type ControllerRegistor struct {
routers []*controllerInfo
Application *App
}
ControllerRegistor對(duì)外的接口函數(shù)有
func (p *ControllerRegistor) Add(pattern string, c ControllerInterface)
詳細(xì)的實(shí)現(xiàn)如下所示:
func (p *ControllerRegistor) Add(pattern string, c ControllerInterface) {
parts := strings.Split(pattern, "/")
j := 0
params := make(map[int]string)
for i, part := range parts {
if strings.HasPrefix(part, ":") {
expr := "([^/]+)"
//a user may choose to override the defult expression
// similar to expressjs: ‘/user/:id([0-9]+)’
if index := strings.Index(part, "("); index != -1 {
expr = part[index:]
part = part[:index]
}
params[j] = part
parts[i] = expr
j++
}
}
//recreate the url pattern, with parameters replaced
//by regular expressions. then compile the regex
pattern = strings.Join(parts, "/")
regex, regexErr := regexp.Compile(pattern)
if regexErr != nil {
//TODO add error handling here to avoid panic
panic(regexErr)
return
}
//now create the Route
t := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(c)).Type()
route := &controllerInfo{}
route.regex = regex
route.params = params
route.controllerType = t
p.routers = append(p.routers, route)
}
上面我們實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)態(tài)路由的實(shí)現(xiàn),Go的http包默認(rèn)支持靜態(tài)文件處理FileServer,由于我們實(shí)現(xiàn)了自定義的路由器,那么靜態(tài)文件也需要自己設(shè)定,beego的靜態(tài)文件夾路徑保存在全局變量StaticDir中,StaticDir是一個(gè)map類型,實(shí)現(xiàn)如下:
func (app *App) SetStaticPath(url string, path string) *App {
StaticDir[url] = path
return app
}
應(yīng)用中設(shè)置靜態(tài)路徑可以使用如下方式實(shí)現(xiàn):
beego.SetStaticPath("/img","/static/img")
轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)路由是基于ControllerRegistor里的路由信息來進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的,詳細(xì)的實(shí)現(xiàn)如下代碼所示:
// AutoRoute
func (p *ControllerRegistor) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
defer func() {
if err := recover(); err != nil {
if !RecoverPanic {
// go back to panic
panic(err)
} else {
Critical("Handler crashed with error", err)
for i := 1; ; i += 1 {
_, file, line, ok := runtime.Caller(i)
if !ok {
break
}
Critical(file, line)
}
}
}
}()
var started bool
for prefix, staticDir := range StaticDir {
if strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, prefix) {
file := staticDir + r.URL.Path[len(prefix):]
http.ServeFile(w, r, file)
started = true
return
}
}
requestPath := r.URL.Path
//find a matching Route
for _, route := range p.routers {
//check if Route pattern matches url
if !route.regex.MatchString(requestPath) {
continue
}
//get submatches (params)
matches := route.regex.FindStringSubmatch(requestPath)
//double check that the Route matches the URL pattern.
if len(matches[0]) != len(requestPath) {
continue
}
params := make(map[string]string)
if len(route.params) > 0 {
//add url parameters to the query param map
values := r.URL.Query()
for i, match := range matches[1:] {
values.Add(route.params[i], match)
params[route.params[i]] = match
}
//reassemble query params and add to RawQuery
r.URL.RawQuery = url.Values(values).Encode() + "&" + r.URL.RawQuery
//r.URL.RawQuery = url.Values(values).Encode()
}
//Invoke the request handler
vc := reflect.New(route.controllerType)
init := vc.MethodByName("Init")
in := make([]reflect.Value, 2)
ct := &Context{ResponseWriter: w, Request: r, Params: params}
in[0] = reflect.ValueOf(ct)
in[1] = reflect.ValueOf(route.controllerType.Name())
init.Call(in)
in = make([]reflect.Value, 0)
method := vc.MethodByName("Prepare")
method.Call(in)
if r.Method == "GET" {
method = vc.MethodByName("Get")
method.Call(in)
} else if r.Method == "POST" {
method = vc.MethodByName("Post")
method.Call(in)
} else if r.Method == "HEAD" {
method = vc.MethodByName("Head")
method.Call(in)
} else if r.Method == "DELETE" {
method = vc.MethodByName("Delete")
method.Call(in)
} else if r.Method == "PUT" {
method = vc.MethodByName("Put")
method.Call(in)
} else if r.Method == "PATCH" {
method = vc.MethodByName("Patch")
method.Call(in)
} else if r.Method == "OPTIONS" {
method = vc.MethodByName("Options")
method.Call(in)
}
if AutoRender {
method = vc.MethodByName("Render")
method.Call(in)
}
method = vc.MethodByName("Finish")
method.Call(in)
started = true
break
}
//if no matches to url, throw a not found exception
if started == false {
http.NotFound(w, r)
}
}
基于這樣的路由設(shè)計(jì)之后就可以解決前面所說的三個(gè)限制點(diǎn),使用的方式如下所示:
基本的使用注冊(cè)路由:
beego.BeeApp.RegisterController("/", &controllers.MainController{})
參數(shù)注冊(cè):
beego.BeeApp.RegisterController("/:param", &controllers.UserController{})
正則匹配:
beego.BeeApp.RegisterController("/users/:uid([0-9]+)", &controllers.UserController{})
更多建議: