httpx 環(huán)境變量

可以通過(guò)環(huán)境變量配置HTTPX庫(kù)。默認(rèn)情況下使用環(huán)境變量。要忽略環(huán)境變量，必須將?trust_env?設(shè)置為?False?。有兩種方法可以設(shè)置?trust_env?以禁用環(huán)境變量：

• 在?client?上，通過(guò) ?httpx.Client(trust_env=False)?。
• 使用頂級(jí) API，例如 ?httpx.get("<url>", trust_env=False)?。

以下是HTTPX識(shí)別的環(huán)境變量列表以及它們所服務(wù)的功能：

HTTPX_LOG_LEVEL

有效值：?debug?、?trace?（不區(qū)分大小寫(xiě)）

如果設(shè)置為 ?debug?，則 HTTP 請(qǐng)求將記錄到?stderr ?。這對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)的常規(guī)用途報(bào)告非常有用。

如果設(shè)置為?trace ?，則除了調(diào)試日志行之外，有關(guān)執(zhí)行 HTTP 請(qǐng)求的低級(jí)詳細(xì)信息將被記錄到?stderr ?。這可以幫助您調(diào)試問(wèn)題，并查看通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)送的確切內(nèi)容以及發(fā)送到哪個(gè)位置。

例：

# test_script.py
import httpx

with httpx.Client() as client:
    r = client.get("https://google.com")

調(diào)試輸出：

$ HTTPX_LOG_LEVEL=debug python test_script.py
DEBUG [2019-11-06 19:11:24] httpx._client - HTTP Request: GET https://google.com "HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently"
DEBUG [2019-11-06 19:11:24] httpx._client - HTTP Request: GET https://www.google.com/ "HTTP/1.1 200 OK"

跟蹤輸出：

$ HTTPX_LOG_LEVEL=trace python test_script.py
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.connection_pool - acquire_connection origin=Origin(scheme='https' host='google.com' port=443)
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.connection_pool - new_connection connection=HTTPConnection(origin=Origin(scheme='https' host='google.com' port=443))
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._config - load_ssl_context verify=True cert=None trust_env=True http_versions=HTTPVersionConfig(['HTTP/1.1', 'HTTP/2'])
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._config - load_verify_locations cafile=/Users/florimond/Developer/python-projects/httpx/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.connection - start_connect host='google.com' port=443 timeout=Timeout(timeout=5.0)
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.connection - connected http_version='HTTP/2'
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - send_headers stream_id=1 method='GET' target='/' headers=[(b':method', b'GET'), (b':authority', b'google.com'), (b':scheme', b'https'), (b':path', b'/'), (b'user-agent', b'python-httpx/0.7.6'), (b'accept', b'*/*'), (b'accept-encoding', b'gzip, deflate, br'), (b'connection', b'keep-alive')]
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - end_stream stream_id=1
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=0 event=<RemoteSettingsChanged changed_settings:{ChangedSetting(setting=SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS, original_value=None, new_value=100), ChangedSetting(setting=SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE, original_value=65535, new_value=1048576), ChangedSetting(setting=SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE, original_value=None, new_value=16384)}>
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=0 event=<WindowUpdated stream_id:0, delta:983041>
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=0 event=<SettingsAcknowledged changed_settings:{}>
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=1 event=<ResponseReceived stream_id:1, headers:[(b':status', b'301'), (b'location', b'https://www.google.com/'), (b'content-type', b'text/html; charset=UTF-8'), (b'date', b'Wed, 06 Nov 2019 18:18:56 GMT'), (b'expires', b'Fri, 06 Dec 2019 18:18:56 GMT'), (b'cache-control', b'public, max-age=2592000'), (b'server', b'gws'), (b'content-length', b'220'), (b'x-xss-protection', b'0'), (b'x-frame-options', b'SAMEORIGIN'), (b'alt-svc', b'quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="46,43",h3-Q050=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q049=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q048=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=":443"; ma=2592000')]>
DEBUG [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._client - HTTP Request: GET https://google.com "HTTP/2 301 Moved Permanently"
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.connection_pool - acquire_connection origin=Origin(scheme='https' host='www.google.com' port=443)
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.connection_pool - new_connection connection=HTTPConnection(origin=Origin(scheme='https' host='www.google.com' port=443))
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._config - load_ssl_context verify=True cert=None trust_env=True http_versions=HTTPVersionConfig(['HTTP/1.1', 'HTTP/2'])
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._config - load_verify_locations cafile=/Users/florimond/Developer/python-projects/httpx/venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.connection - start_connect host='www.google.com' port=443 timeout=Timeout(timeout=5.0)
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.connection - connected http_version='HTTP/2'
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - send_headers stream_id=1 method='GET' target='/' headers=[(b':method', b'GET'), (b':authority', b'www.google.com'), (b':scheme', b'https'), (b':path', b'/'), (b'user-agent', b'python-httpx/0.7.6'), (b'accept', b'*/*'), (b'accept-encoding', b'gzip, deflate, br'), (b'connection', b'keep-alive')]
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - end_stream stream_id=1
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=0 event=<RemoteSettingsChanged changed_settings:{ChangedSetting(setting=SettingCodes.MAX_CONCURRENT_STREAMS, original_value=None, new_value=100), ChangedSetting(setting=SettingCodes.INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE, original_value=65535, new_value=1048576), ChangedSetting(setting=SettingCodes.MAX_HEADER_LIST_SIZE, original_value=None, new_value=16384)}>
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=0 event=<WindowUpdated stream_id:0, delta:983041>
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=0 event=<SettingsAcknowledged changed_settings:{}>
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=1 event=<ResponseReceived stream_id:1, headers:[(b':status', b'200'), (b'date', b'Wed, 06 Nov 2019 18:18:56 GMT'), (b'expires', b'-1'), (b'cache-control', b'private, max-age=0'), (b'content-type', b'text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1'), (b'p3p', b'CP="This is not a P3P policy! See g.co/p3phelp for more info."'), (b'content-encoding', b'gzip'), (b'server', b'gws'), (b'content-length', b'5073'), (b'x-xss-protection', b'0'), (b'x-frame-options', b'SAMEORIGIN'), (b'set-cookie', b'1P_JAR=2019-11-06-18; expires=Fri, 06-Dec-2019 18:18:56 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; SameSite=none'), (b'set-cookie', b'NID=190=m8G9qLxCz2_4HbZI02ON2HTJF4xTvOhoJiS57Hm-OJrNS2eY20LfXMR_u-mLjujeshW5-BTezI69OGpHksT4ZK2TCDsWeU0DF7AmDTjjXFOdj30eIUTpNq7r9aWRvI8UrqiwlIsLkE8Ee3t5PiIiVdSMUcji7dkavGlMUpkMXU8; expires=Thu, 07-May-2020 18:18:56 GMT; path=/; domain=.google.com; HttpOnly'), (b'alt-svc', b'quic=":443"; ma=2592000; v="46,43",h3-Q050=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q049=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q048=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q046=":443"; ma=2592000,h3-Q043=":443"; ma=2592000')]>
DEBUG [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._client - HTTP Request: GET https://www.google.com/ "HTTP/2 200 OK"
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=1 event=<DataReceived stream_id:1, flow_controlled_length:5186, data:1f8b08000000000002ffc55af97adb4692ff3f4f>
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=1 event=<DataReceived stream_id:1, flow_controlled_length:221, data:>
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=1 event=<StreamEnded stream_id:1>
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.http2 - receive_event stream_id=0 event=<PingReceived ping_data:0000000000000000>
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.connection_pool - release_connection connection=HTTPConnection(origin=Origin(scheme='https' host='www.google.com' port=443))
TRACE [2019-11-06 19:18:56] httpx._dispatch.connection - close_connection

SSLKEYLOGFILE

有效值：文件名

如果設(shè)置了此環(huán)境變量，則每當(dāng)生成或接收密鑰材料時(shí)，TLS 密鑰都將追加到指定的文件中，如果它不存在，則創(chuàng)建該文件。鍵盤日志文件僅用于調(diào)試目的。

?SSLKEYLOGFILE?支持需要Python 3.8和OpenSSL 1.1.1或更高版本。

例：

# test_script.py
import httpx

with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
    r = client.get("https://google.com")

SSL_CERT_FILE

有效值：文件名

如果設(shè)置了此環(huán)境變量，則 HTTPX 將從指定文件而不是默認(rèn)位置加載 CA 證書(shū)。

例：

SSL_CERT_FILE=/path/to/ca-certs/ca-bundle.crt python -c "import httpx; httpx.get('https://example.com')"

SSL_CERT_DIR

有效值：遵循 OpenSSL 特定布局的目錄。

如果設(shè)置了此環(huán)境變量，并且目錄遵循OpenSSL特定布局（即您運(yùn)行了?c_rehash?），則HTTPX將從此目錄而不是默認(rèn)位置加載CA證書(shū)。

例：

SSL_CERT_DIR=/path/to/ca-certs/ python -c "import httpx; httpx.get('https://example.com')"

NETRC

有效值：文件名

如果設(shè)置了此環(huán)境變量但未定義身份驗(yàn)證參數(shù)，則 HTTPX 會(huì)將存儲(chǔ)在 .netrc 文件中的身份驗(yàn)證信息添加到請(qǐng)求的標(biāo)頭中。如果您也沒(méi)有提供 NETRC 環(huán)境，HTTPX 將使用默認(rèn)文件。（~/.netrc， ~/_netrc）

例：

NETRC=/path/to/netrcfile/.my_netrc python -c "import httpx; httpx.get('https://example.com')"

代理

下面記錄的環(huán)境變量被各種 HTTP 工具用作約定，包括：

• cURL
• requests

有關(guān)在 HTTPX 中使用代理的詳細(xì)信息，請(qǐng)參閱 HTTP 代理。

HTTP_PROXY, ,HTTPS_PROXYALL_PROXY

有效值：代理的 URL

?HTTP_PROXY?、?HTTPS_PROXY?、?ALL_PROXY?分別設(shè)置要用于?http ?、?https? 或所有請(qǐng)求的代理。

export HTTP_PROXY=http://my-external-proxy.com:1234

# This request will be sent through the proxy
python -c "import httpx; httpx.get('http://example.com')"

# This request will be sent directly, as we set `trust_env=False`
python -c "import httpx; httpx.get('http://example.com', trust_env=False)"

NO_PROXY

有效值：以逗號(hào)分隔的主機(jī)名/url 列表

NO_PROXY禁用特定網(wǎng)址的代理

export HTTP_PROXY=http://my-external-proxy.com:1234
export NO_PROXY=http://127.0.0.1,python-httpx.org

# As in the previous example, this request will be sent through the proxy
python -c "import httpx; httpx.get('http://example.com')"

# These requests will be sent directly, bypassing the proxy
python -c "import httpx; httpx.get('http://127.0.0.1:5000/my-api')"
python -c "import httpx; httpx.get('https://www.python-httpx.org')"